Arar asked for a jury trial, compensatory and punitive damages, and a declaration that the actions of the US Government were illegal and violated Arar's constitutional, civil, and international human rights.

The suit charged that the government violated Arar's constitutional right to due process; his right to choose a country of removal other than one in which he would be tortured, as guaranteed under the Torture Victims Protection Act; and his rights under international law.

It also alleged that Mr. Arar's Fifth Amendment due process rights were violated when he was confined without access to an attorney or the court system, both domestically before being rendered, and while detained by the Syrian government, whose actions were complicit with the US. It claimed the US Government also likely violated his right to due process by recklessly subjecting him to torture at the hands of a foreign government that they had every reason to believe would carry out abusive interrogation.

Arar also filed a claim under the Torture Victims Protection Act, adopted by the US Congress in 1992, which allows a victim of torture by an individual of a foreign government to bring suit against that actor in US Court.

But the US Government invoked the so-called ‘state secrets” privilege, claiming that public disclosure of the documents relating to the case would cause ”exceptionally grave or serious damage to the intelligence, foreign policy, and national security interests of the US, including defense against transnational terrorism.” The District Court agreed and dismissed the case.

Once a little-used legal maneuver, the “state secrets privilege” has been used increasingly during the Bush Administration, and has prevented litigation of a number of high profile terror-related and whistleblower cases.

But last week, Arar appealed the District Court decision to a higher court, the US Second Circuit Court of Appeals, which heard oral argument in the case on November 9. One member of the three-judge panel reviewing the case, Robert D. Sack, called the process of rendition “outsourcing.” The appeal court has not yet reached a decision in the case. Should it affirm the lower court decision, it is not yet clear whether Arar will seek final redress in the US Supreme Court.

A Justice Department lawyer argued before the Appeals Court that the US Constitution did not apply to noncitizens who suffered injury abroad.

Arar’s lawyer, David Cole of the Georgetown University Law Center, appearing on behalf of The Center for Consitutional Rights, underlined the importance of the current appeal. He told IPS, “The Canadians, who provided misinformation about Arar but did not acquiesce in sending him to Syria, have conducted a full investigation, written an 1100 page report, formally apologized, and awarded Mr. Arar $10 million in damages and legal fees. Meanwhile the United States, the far more culpable actor, maintains that it violated no rights, and that Mr. Arar has no remedy.”

He added, “In this case, federal officials conspired to send an innocent man to Syria to be tortured and arbitrarily detained, and then did everything within their power to ensure that he could not get to a court to stop them from effectuating their conspiracy. They lied to him about his lawyer, and lied to his lawyer about him, while spiriting him off to Syria in a chartered jet. Now the government maintains that he has no remedy whatsoever in a court of law, and has the temerity to contend that his only avenue for judicial review was the very one they blocked him from pursuing while he was in their custody.”

At a US Congressional hearing last month, Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice acknowledged Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice admitted that the US had mishandled the case, but stopped short of an apology.

“We do not think that this case was handled as it should have been,” Ms. Rice told the House Foreign Affairs Committee. “We do absolutely not wish to transfer anyone to any place in which they might be tortured.”

Arar was transported to Syria under a US Government program that transports detainees to countries where prison authorities are known to practice torture. The program, which was started during the Clinton Administration, has been used extensively by the US Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), which uses leased Gulfstream business jets for its flights. One of the owners of these leased airplanes, a subsidiary of the Boeing Company, is currently being sued for facilitating renditions.

The US Government has acknowledged that it uses the rendition practice, but insists that countries to which prisoners are taken provide 'diplomatic assurance' that they will be treated humanely. It is generally thought that the rendering practice may be responsible for some of the 'ghost detainees' from Iraq and Afghanistan — US prisoners whose identities have been hidden from the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC).

Arar came to Canada in 1987. After earning bachelor's and master's degrees in computer engineering, he worked in Ottawa as a telecommunications engineer. He now lives in British Columbia.

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