I get lots of letters from people in various corners of the nation who are hysterically disturbed by the continuing spectacle of suburban development. But instead of joining in their hand-wringing, I reply by stating my serene conviction that we are at the end of the cycle — and by that I mean the grand meta-cycle of the suburban project as a whole. It's over. Whatever you see out there now is pretty much what we're going to be stuck with. The remaining things under construction are the last twitchings of a dying organism.
It is not an accident that the housing bubble coincided with the phenomenon of Peak Oil. First of all, the housing bubble should more properly be called the suburban bubble, because most of the activity came in the form of "greenfield" housing subdivisions, and included all the additional crap-o-la accessories required by them — strip malls, power centers, Outback steak houses, car washes, et cetera. The suburban expansion has been based entirely on cheap-and-abundant supplies of oil. Similarly, it was not an accident that the suburban project faltered briefly in the 1970s, when America's oil production entered its long decline, OPEC seized the moment, and oil prices shot up. Notice that the final suburban blowout occurred after 1990, when the North Sea and Prudhoe Bay oil strikes came into full production, disabling OPEC, and a world oil glut finally drove prices as low as ten dollars a barrel in 1999. That ushered in the climactic phase of suburbia, as represented by things like the standard 4000-square-foot Toll Brother's McMansion and the heyday of the super-gigantic SUV to go with it.
The American public has no idea how over all that is. The bottom is falling out under not only the housing market (as in houses up for sale) but on the whole apparatus for delivering future houses, and the car-oriented crap associated with it. The production home-builders, such as Toll Brothers, Hovanian, Pulte, et cetera are going down and they will not be coming back. There will be a great deal of wishing that they might come back, but they won't. Likewise, the commercial builders of all the various forms of suburban retail will be waiting to "turn the corner." But they will discover that the wall they have hit has no corner. It's just a wall. For anyone who wonders how much we do not need anymore retail space in America, have a look at this chart showing the comparative amount of retail square-footage allotted for citizens of each nation:
Those of you considering the purchase of more WalMart stock, take note.
Some years back, when those watching the oil scene began
to coalesce in their recognition that a worldwide production peak was
imminent and hugely significant, the concept developed that this peak
would take the form of a "bumpy plateau," meaning that
supply-and-demand would teeter in an uncomfortable relationship for a
period of time as markets and economies adjusted to the new reality by
oscillating from higher prices to "demand destruction" to recession to
recovery to higher prices, and so forth. This was expected to go on for
quite a while before the world really headed into a slow permanent
decline.
The latest statistical work by Dallas geologist Jeffrey Brown over at The Oil Drum.com,
suggests that something else is happening, something that was not
anticipated: an imminent oil export crisis. This Export Land Theory
states that exporting nations will have far less oil available for
export than was previously assumed under older models. (Story Here.)
The theory states that export rates will drop by a far greater
percentage than net production decline rates in any given exporting
country. For example, The UK's portion of the North Sea oil fields may
be showing a nine percent annual decline for the past couple of years.
But it's export capacity has declined 60 percent. Something similar is
in store for Saudi Arabia, Russia, Mexico, Venezuela — in short, the
whole cast of characters in the export world. They are all producing
less and they are all using more of their own oil, and have less to
send elsewhere.
Brown's math suggests that world oil exports will drop by 50 percent
within the next five years, certainly enough to trigger a systemic
breakdown in market allocation, meaning serious supply shortages among
the importing nations. That's us. We import two-thirds of all the oil
we use.
The implication in all this is that the activities that have become
"normal" for us during the post World War Two era will very shortly
become untenable. An economy based on suburban expansion and incessant
motoring is on the top of the list of supposedly "normal" activities
that will not be able to continue. I would maintain that even if we had
20 years, no combination of bio-fuels and other alternatives would
enable us to keep suburbia running. But this latest work indicates that
we have much less time to adjust.
This new information is consistent with my view that we had better
prepare to make other arrangements for living in this country, by which
I mean specifically re-localizing, de-globalizing, with an emphasis on
local agriculture wherever possible, the emergency restoration of
passenger railroad service and related modes of public transit, the
rebuilding of local commercial infrastructures, and a radical
rethinking of how we inhabit the landscape under New Urbanist lines.
Perhaps the most imminent danger is that the financial markets, which
have been driving our insane, hollowed-out economy, will soon recognize
what's in store and implode, creating a crisis of capital that will
leave us with no ability to make any emergency investments, such as
would be required to rebuild the railroad system. The equity markets
sure blinked last week when two hedge funds based on phony-baloney
collateralized debt obligations tanked. The collateral underlying this
load of hallucinated "wealth" is comprised of contracts made by the
insolvent for suburban houses worth far less than the value stated on
the contracts — with every indication that the real value will keep
dropping.
In any case, those who keep wringing their hands over the bulldozers
leveling the plots of prairie, or cornfield, or desert — those
distressed folks can direct their anxiety elsewhere. Worry less whether
one final strip mall will tilt up out in gloaming, and think harder
about how you are going to feed yourself and your family in a couple of
years when the stupendous motorized moloch of American life begins to
sputter, and the Cheez Doodle shipments can no longer make it to your
supermarket shelves, and all that is "normal" melts into air.
Picture mandatory military drafts being enabled by all developed and developing world governments within those five years. Picture resource wars escalating with the use of tactile nuclear weapons in the attempt to secure supply of crude oil and natural gas. Picture a series of massive depopulation events taking place on the world stage till an equilibrium is again reached with what can be grown with solar energy alone.
James Kunstler's warning will not be heeded, of course. Our tendency is to react only when disaster actually strikes. There is a bit of reverse migration going on in the U.S. from suburbs to cities, but this migration is far too slow to lessen U.S. household dependency on fossil fuels. Moreover, the disconnects between public policies and sustainable community development are many. Chief among them is a system of public revenue that rewards the hoarding of an speculative investment in land, which is a driving force in sprawling development patterns. We should immediately move to the full taxation of land values (i.e., of the potential rental value of locations), exempting property improvements from the tax base, to draw investment back to where infrastructure exists and where automobile use is not required for commuting.
I thought your article went a long way in describing the changes needed in our way of life. However, it might have been important to note the impact of war on these changes as war is one of the main users of oil. Please see "The Pentagon v. Peak Oil" by Michael Klare, June 14, 2007 in TomDispatch and Mother Jones. I do not think that the US public is aware of war's use of oil. Maybe that might motivate greater US anti-war sentiment and less US apathy if it was driven home (pun intended) how much war plays a part in our lives - the war is not confined "over there" as Bush likes to say.
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June 26, 2007
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