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by James Kunstser
At the urging of an editor, I took an anecdote out of my 1993 book, The Geography of Nowhere. It concerned my visit to interview the husband-and-wife "star" architects (starchitects, we now say) Robert Venturi and Denise Scott-Brown. I was in the early information-gathering stage of the book and was unsure which authorities in this-our-nation-under-God might help me understand why America had become such a nightmarish panorama of highway strips and cartoon housing subdivisions. I really wanted to know.
I knew a tiny bit about Venturi and Scott Brown. They had put out a trendy monograph in 1972 titled Learning From Las Vegas that had earned them much esteem on the campuses as architectural metaphysicians. It purported to inform America that the highway strip was here to stay, that it was the new Main Street USA, they said, and that it was pretty much okay. Venturi, solo, was the author of previous book (Complexity and Contradiction) that pretended to thumb its nose at Modernist orthodoxy. So, I figured that a talk with these birds might, at least, begin to shed some light on my subject.
It was a very bad day in the Venturi / Scott Brown office in Philadelphia when I showed up, representing The New York Times Sunday Magazine
(for whom I was also cooking up an article along these lines). Not bad
because of me, necessarily, but because a bunch of "suits" from the
Walt Disney Corporation had dropped in earlier that morning unannounced
( ! ) -- one of the little tricks that Disney liked to pull on its
subcontractors. Some months earlier, Venturi and Scott Brown's office
had been hired to design the grand monumental entrance boulevard to
Euro-Disney, and now the Seven Dwarfs in neckties were in the office
all of a sudden to see how the work was coming. Oy vey.
So it was hardly me that they were disturbed about, really, but I had
complicated matters by showing up, and I suppose they felt they had to
take a writer from the NY Times Magazine
seriously because they liked getting into its pages -- being very
shrewd self-publicists. The upshot was that Venturi and Scott Brown
were running split shifts between me in a conference room downstairs,
and the Seven Dwarfs up on the production floor of the 80-person
architectural office. And I was kind of maundering through a laundry
list of questions that I'd cobbled together to get their opinion on how
come America was so, well, so fucking ugly, to put it as
unceremoniously as possible. Venturi, a teddy-bear of a man, would kind
of blink at me and try to explain that architecture was no longer about
heroic, self-aggrandizing monuments but about the tastes and values of
the masses. . . and then he'd roll his eyes and scoot out of the room
and go try to mollify the Seven Dwarfs. Scott Brown would then come in
and attempt to entertain my pain-in-the-ass questions, but her
irritation mounted visibly as the minutes ticked by, and finally she
exploded at me, hollering, "If this country isn't tidy enough for you,
move to Switzerland!"
Incidentally, that's not the part of the
anecdote that the editor considered "unkind." I will save that part for
some other blog or memoir. But it brings me to my theme for today,
which is how I traveled yesterday to Saratoga's neighboring town to
south, Ballston Spa (the county seat), one of a hundred decrepitating
little Main Street burgs in upstate New York, and how it seemed to be
visibly rotting into the ground to an extent that even I, after decades
of laborious landscape pathology studies, found rather shocking.
Spring comes late up here. I was down in Georgia back in February and
the daffodils there were already gone by, for goodness sake. But up
here, they had barely sprouted as of the last week in April. The
landscape (and townscape) had a horrible sort of laid bare
look -- like an old person in the intensive care unit getting a sponge
bath in bed. The ground itself looked scrofulous, with vast quantities
of plastic flotsam littering the roadside swales, and tatters of
windblown plastic supermarket bags hanging off the sumac bushes, and no
foliage yet to hide any of it.
But it was the buildings that
really got me. You have to wonder: have Americans forgotten how to
build dignified houses, or are we simply not dignified people anymore?
Virtually every building put up after 1950 looked terrible and many of
them were rotting into the ground. Most of them are little more than
elaborate packing crates with a few doo-dads screwed on -- exactly the
kind of buildings, by the way, that Venturi and Scott Brown celebrated
in their writings. They called them "decorated sheds," the vernacular
expression of the mainstream American soul.
The design failures of these things might be attributed to a loss of
knowledge and a lack of attention to details, but I think a deeper
explanation has to do with the diminishing returns of technology. We've
never had more awesome power tools for workers in the building trades.
We have compound miter saws, electric spline joiners, laser-guided tape
measures, and many other nifty innovations, and we've never seen, in
the aggregate, worse work done by so many carpenters. For most of them,
apparently, getting a plain one-by-four door-surround to meet at a
45-degree miter without a quarter-inch gap is asking too much. In other
words, we now have amazing tools and no skill. What you wonder is
whether the latter is a function of the former. Is the work so bad
because we expect the tools to have all the skill?
Another issue is the choice of materials. As you march down the decades
from the 1950s, the materials-of-choice for finishing the exterior are
more and more materials not found in nature. Aluminum siding was a big
favorite for a while -- and you can always spot it because of the dents
below the three-foot high level, where the lawnmower has shot stones at
the panels for decades. After the 1980s, there is a distinct
acceleration in the use of vinyl for practically everything. The vinyl
clapboards, soffits, window-surrounds, et cetera, are often little more
than stapled onto the house. And naturally they begin to sag and pull
apart instantly. After twenty-odd years of that you end up with a house
that looks like a birthday present wrapped by a five-year-old.
Another thing you get is a fantastic accumulation of automobile exhaust
in the zone starting about four feet under the eves. The pathetic slobs
who live in these buildings never wash this patina of grime off their
houses -- because the vinyl cladding was sold to them as being
"maintenance-free."
At this time of year, before the shrubs leaf out, you can see that each
house is surrounded by an asteroid belt of discarded effluvia --
plastic children's toys, broken appliances, odds-and-ends of sporting
equipment, all oxidizing, polymerizing, and delaminating under the
remorseless ultraviolet light. Likewise, the things that have come to
be attached to the houses -- the entrance porticoes and decks built out
of chemicalized lumber (which has not been painted in twenty-seven
years) -- these things are also, finally, coming apart, torquing out of
plumb, disintegrating, in short yielding to all the disordering forces
of entropy.
Paradoxically, the buildings which tend to be in better condition are
the historic ones, the ones built before modular-snap-together
materials existed, the ones made of materials found in nature, the ones
built with non-electric hand tools. They manage to resist the natural
ravages of time. Their roofs were designed to bear snow loads and to
shed water in a way that protected the rest of the structure. The
materials never promised to be maintenance-free, so the owners and
caretakers naturally perform the required routine repairs. They stand
there as reminders that our notion of progress-through-technology is a
slippery thing.
Poor little Ballston Spa. The whole town is rotting into the ground and
the folks who live there are either too poor, too addled on methadrine,
too busy buying plasma TVs, too greedy strip-mining their buildings for
Section-8
rentals, or too conditioned by failure and disappointment to take care
of their property. It's a self-reinforcing feedback loop, of course,
and it's happening all over the nation. We've succeeded in building too
many things that aren't worth caring about, and the end result is that
we now live in a land where nothing is taken care of.

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